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The Zinoviev letter was a document published by the British newspaper four days before the. It purported to be a directive from, the head of the (Comintern) in Moscow, to the, ordering it to engage in seditious activities. It said the resumption of diplomatic relations (by a government) would hasten the radicalisation of the British working class. This would have constituted a significant interference in British politics, and as a result it was deeply offensive to British voters, turning them against the Labour Party. The letter seemed authentic at the time, but most historians now agree it was a forgery.

The letter aided the, by hastening the collapse of the vote that produced a Conservative landslide. Argued that the most important impact was on the psychology of Labourites, who for years afterward blamed their defeat on foul play, thereby misunderstanding the political forces at work and postponing necessary reforms in the Labour Party. A cartoon from, published after the letter was released, depicting a stereotypical Bolshevik wearing a sandwich board with the slogan 'Vote for MacDonald and me' Background [ ] In 1924, the socialist formed a government for the first time. However, it was a and was liable to fall if the and combined against it. In foreign policy, the government recognised the in February 1924, and proposed to lend it money. On 8 October 1924, the Labour government of suffered defeat in the on a; this forced MacDonald to go to to seek a dissolution of and a new election.

The immediate cause of the parliamentary defeat had been the government's decision to drop the prosecution of communist editor under the, for publication of an open letter in calling on soldiers to 'let it be known that, neither in the class war nor in a military war, will you turn your guns on your fellow workers.' Was scheduled for 29 October. Letter [ ] Near the end of the short election campaign, there appeared in the press the text of a letter purporting to have originated from, head of the Executive Committee of the (Comintern) and Secretary of the Comintern and, a British representative at a conference of the Executive Committee, and addressed to the Central Committee of the (CPGB). One particularly damaging section of this letter read: A settlement of relations between the two countries will assist in the revolutionising of the international and British proletariat not less than a successful rising in any of the working districts of England, as the establishment of close contact between the British and Russian proletariat, the exchange of delegations and workers, etc. Will make it possible for us to extend and develop the propaganda of ideas of Leninism in England and the Colonies. Publication [ ] The damning document was published in the conservative British newspaper four days before the election. The letter came at a sensitive time in relations between Britain and the Soviet Union, owing to Conservative opposition to the parliamentary ratification of the Anglo-Soviet trade agreement of 8 August.

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The publication of the letter was severely embarrassing to Prime Minister MacDonald and his Labour Party. Although his party faced the likelihood of losing office, MacDonald had not given up hope in the campaign. Following the letter's publication, any chance of an upset victory was dashed, as the spectre of internal revolution and a government oblivious to the peril dominated the public consciousness. MacDonald's attempts to cast doubt as to the authenticity of the letter were in vain, hampered by the document's widespread acceptance among government officials. He told his Cabinet that he 'felt like a man sewn in a sack and thrown into the sea. [ ] Election result [ ] The Conservatives decisively won the October 1924 election, ending the country's first Labour government.

After the Conservatives formed a government with as Prime Minister, a Cabinet committee investigated the letter and concluded that it was genuine. The Conservative government did not undertake any further investigation, despite continuing allegations that the letter was forged. On 21 November 1924, the government cancelled the unratified trade agreement with the Soviet Union. However, decided at the same time that the letter was a forgery. In order to protect its reputation, it did not inform the government, which continued to believe it was genuine. Denial by Zinoviev [ ] The Comintern and the Soviet government vehemently and consistently denied the authenticity of the document.