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Dome camera in a rail station Closed-circuit television ( CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the use of to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint (P2MP), or wired or wireless links. Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those used for in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, stores, and other areas where security is needed.

Though is seldom called 'CCTV' one exception is the use of video in, where it is an important tool. Surveillance of the public using CCTV is common in many areas around the world. In recent years, the use of cameras has been introduced as a new form of surveillance, often used in law enforcement, with cameras located on a police officer's chest or head. Video surveillance has generated significant debate about balancing its use with individuals' even when in public.

In industrial plants, CCTV equipment may be used to observe parts of a process from a central, for example when the environment is not suitable for humans. CCTV systems may operate continuously or only as required to monitor a particular event. A more advanced form of CCTV, utilizing (DVRs), provides recording for possibly many years, with a variety of quality and performance options and extra features (such as and email alerts). More recently, decentralized, perhaps equipped with megapixel sensors, support recording directly to devices, or internal flash for completely stand-alone operation. There are about 350 million surveillance cameras worldwide as of 2016. About 65% of these cameras are installed in Asia. The growth of CCTV has been slowing in recent years.

CCTV control-room monitor wall for 176 open-street cameras in 2017. The first CCTV system was installed by at in, Nazi Germany in 1942, for observing the launch of. The noted German engineer was responsible for the technological design and installation of the system. [ ] In the U.S.

The first commercial closed-circuit television system became available in 1949, called Vericon. Very little is known about Vericon except it was advertised as not requiring a government permit. Technology [ ] The earliest video surveillance systems involved constant monitoring because there was no way to record and store information. The development of reel-to-reel media enabled the recording of surveillance footage. These systems required magnetic tapes to be changed manually, which was a time consuming, expensive and unreliable process, with the operator having to manually thread the tape from the tape reel through the recorder onto an empty take-up reel.

Due to these shortcomings, video surveillance was not widespread. Technology became available in the 1970s, making it easier to record and erase information, and use of video surveillance became more common. During the 1990s, digital was developed, allowing several cameras to record at once, as well as and motion-only recording. This increased savings of time and money which then led to an increase in the use of CCTV.

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Recently CCTV technology has been enhanced with a shift toward Internet-based products and systems, and other technological developments. Application [ ] Closed-circuit television was used as a form of for sports such as. Boxing telecasts were broadcast live to a select number of venues, mostly theaters, where viewers paid for tickets to watch the fight live. The first fight with a closed-circuit telecast was vs. Closed-circuit telecasts peaked in popularity with in the 1960s and 1970s, with ' fight drawing 50 million CCTV viewers worldwide in 1974, and the ' drawing 100 million CCTV viewers worldwide in 1975. In 1985, the professional wrestling show was seen by over one million viewers with this scheme. As late as 1996, the boxing fight had 750,000 viewers.

Closed-circuit television was gradually replaced by home in the 1980s and 1990s. In September 1968, was the first city in the United States to install video cameras along its main business street in an effort to fight crime. Another early appearance was in 1973 in in. The NYPD installed it in order to deter crime that was occurring in the area; however, crime rates did not appear to drop much due to the cameras.